拉沙热
Lassa mammarenavirus · Arenaviridae
Strains
- Lineage I (Nigeria)
- Lineage II (Nigeria)
- Lineage III (Nigeria)
- Lineage IV (Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia)
- Lineage V (Mali, Ivory Coast)
- Lineage VI (Togo)
- Lineage VII (Benin)
Transmission
- 接触受感染多乳鼠(Mastomys natalensis)的尿液、粪便或唾液
- 处理或食用受感染的多乳鼠
- 直接接触感染者的血液或体液
- 在缺乏适当防护装备的医疗场所暴露
- 康复期的性传播——病毒可在精液中存留约3个月
Incubation
6-21 days
Mortality rate
~1% overall (most cases mild/asymptomatic); 15-25% in hospitalised patients; foetal mortality approaches 80% in third-trimester pregnancy
Vaccine
No
Treatment
利巴韦林在早期使用时有效——最好在发热出现后6天内——并配合支持治疗(静脉补液、纠正电解质、治疗继发感染)。感音神经性听力损失影响25-30%的患者,且可能是永久性的。
Vaccine status
截至2026年尚无世卫组织批准的拉沙热疫苗。多个候选疫苗(如INO-4500、MV-LASV、基于rVSV和麻疹载体的疫苗)正在临床开发,多项由CEPI资助。
Endemic regions
- 尼日利亚——负担最重,每年数千病例(NCDC),1月至4月为高峰
- 塞拉利昂——高度流行
- 利比里亚——高度流行
- 几内亚——高度流行
- 马里、科特迪瓦、贝宁、多哥——散发病例
- 欧洲和北美——回国旅行者中偶有输入病例
Frequently asked questions
transmission
How is Lassa fever transmitted?
geography
Which countries report the most Lassa fever cases?
severity
What is the mortality rate of Lassa fever?
symptoms
What are the symptoms of Lassa fever?
treatment
Is there a treatment for Lassa fever?
comparison
How is Lassa fever different from Ebola?
Sources
Last update Jun 9, 2026 · ⚠ Not medical advice.